# Prompt-based interaction Usability > Current prompt-based AI interfaces present significant usability challenges. The articulation barrier may exclude half the population in rich countries, and the opaque nature of AI makes it difficult for users to discover its full potential. Current prompt-based AI interfaces present significant usability challenges. The articulation barrier may exclude half the population in rich countries, and the opaque nature of AI makes it difficult for users to discover its full potential. ## AI: First New UI Paradigm in 60 Years **Publisher:** Nielsen Norman Group [Open the source](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ai-paradigm/) ↗ ## The Articulation Barrier: Prompt-Driven AI UX Hurts Usability **Publisher:** Jakob Nielsen [Open the source](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/prompt-driven-ai-ux-hurts-usability-jakob-nielsen/) ↗ > The current chat-based interaction style also suffers from requiring users to write out their problems as prose text. Based on recent literacy research, I deem it likely that half the population in rich countries is not articulate enough to get good results from one of the current AI bots. ## How AI Succeeds (and Fails) to Help People Find Information **Publisher:** Nielsen Norman Group [Open the source](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ai-information-seeking-keyword-foraging/) ↗ > The opaque, nebulous nature of generative AI makes it incredibly difficult for users to discover, explore, and understand its full range of possible uses, and how to achieve those outcomes. ## How AI Literacy Shapes GenAI Use **Publisher:** Nielsen Norman Group [Open the source](https://www.nngroup.com/articles/ai-literacy/) ↗ > Two distinct capabilities shaped people's success when using genAI for information seeking: >