Cross-Cutting Themes

Trust and calibration, the regulatory perimeter, social presence: what holds whatever else is happening.

Whichever of the phenomena applies to you, and whether or not anybody adopts anything, three things hold: users misunderstand the system in both directions and trust has to be calibrated; from this year compliance is inside the design perimeter; and a system that calibrates its tone produces a perception of social presence you did not necessarily intend.

The membership rule is strict — a theme belongs here only if it holds across all of them. Accessibility and hybrid interfaces used to sit here and no longer does: it is a consequence of the conversational interface in particular, not a condition on everything else, and it now sits in that chapter.

Trust, AI Literacy and Calibration

Users misunderstand GenAI in two opposite directions: overestimation and unjustified distrust. Calibration is built in degrees.

Forces the decision The trust budget

The Regulatory Perimeter

From 2026 compliance enters the design perimeter: disclosure, content marking, minors' consent, accessibility.

Forces the decision Who signs, and who answers

Empathy and Social Presence

GenAI calibrate the tone, apologize, thank: a perception of social presence. Where does designed empathy end and relational manipulation begin?

Forces the decision The trust budget